Showing posts with label EISCAT_3D. Show all posts
Showing posts with label EISCAT_3D. Show all posts

Monday, 25 March 2019

1st Finnish EISCAT_3D User Meeting 26th March

Artist Impression of an EISCAT_3D site. Courtesy National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan.
The 1st Finnish EISCAT_3D User Meeting is organised in Oulu at Tellus stage on 26th March 2019. The purpose of the meeting is to inform researchers from the space physics, atmospheric and radio science community of the current status and future plans concerning the international EISCAT_3D incoherent scatter radar facility. Invited speakers from Finland and abroad, including the director of EISCAT, Dr. Craig Heinselman, will present their ideas and future plans. Plenty of time is reserved for discussion and questions. Anyone interested is welcomed to join the meeting.

The detailed programme can be found on http://www.sgo.fi/Events/E3D_FiUM/

Text: Anita Aikio; Image: NIPR, Japan.

Wednesday, 5 December 2018

Next EISCAT Symposium jointly held with 46th Optical Meeting (46AM)



The 19th International EISCAT Symposium and the 46th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods (46AM, also known as “The Optical Meeting”) will be held jointly at the University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, from 19th to 23rd August 2019. The joint conference will be preceded by the International EISCAT Incoherent Scatter Radar School, which will take place 12th to 17th August 2019 at Pikku Syote, some 145 km east of Oulu.

Registration information for both meetings will be published in the new year.

For more information on both events, please refer to the web pages: 

46AM and EISCAT Symposium: http://www.sgo.fi/Events/EISCAT46AM

EISCAT Radar School: http://www.sgo.fi/Events/RS2019


Deadline for registration will be 24th May 2019. Registration will open latest on 1st February 2019.

Welcome!

Wednesday, 6 June 2018

EISCAT Symposium and Radar School 2019

Sunset at Nallikari beach, Oulu, Finland. Photo: Th.Ulich, SGO.
The next International EISCAT Symposium 2019 will take place in Oulu, Finland, 19th to 23rd August 2019, at the University of Oulu, co-organised by the university's Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and the Ionospheric Physics Group.

The EISCAT Radar School will take place during the week before the symposium, 12th to 17th August 2019, either in Oulu or Sodankylä. The radar school will be supported by the EISCAT Scientific Association.

Detailed announcements, and a dedicated web site, with deadlines will become available shortly.

Mark your calendars, and welcome to join us for these events!

Monday, 12 June 2017

EISCAT_3D-sirontatutkan rakentaminen arktiselle alueelle alkaa

Havainnekuva EISCAT_3D-lähettimestä. Antenniryhmät ovat kuusikulmaisia, niitä on
109 kappaletta, ja jokainen sisältää 91 antennielementtiä. Antennikentän halkaisija on n. 70 m.
Uuden kansainvälisen tieteellisen EISCAT_3D-tutkan rakentamisen aloittamisesta on juuri päätetty. Sirontatutkan avulla saadaan uutta tietoa siitä, miten aurinkomyrskyt ja avaruussää vaikuttavat arktisen alueen ilmakehään.

EISCAT_3D-tutkajärjestelmään kuuluu kolme asemaa Pohjois-Skandinaviassa: lähetin-vastaanotin Skibotnissa Norjassa sekä vastaanottimet lähellä Kaaresuvantoa Suomessa ja lähellä Kiirunaa Ruotsissa. Skibotnin suurteholähettimen teho on 5 MW ja kukin asema sisältää noin 10 000 antennia. Hankkeen kokonaisbudjetti on 70 miljoonaa euroa ja projekti alkaa syyskuun 2017 alussa. Asemien valmistelutyöt alkavat kesällä 2018 ja tutkajärjestelmän arvioidaan olevan käytössä vuonna 2021.

EISCAT_3D-tutkajärjestelmän asemien sijainnit kartalla:
lähetin-vastaanotin Norjassa ja vastaanotinasemat Suomessa ja Ruotsissa.
EISCAT_3D:stä tulee maailman edistyksellisin sirontatutka, joka yhdessä nykyisen Huippuvuorten EISCAT-tutkan kanssa toimii ikkunana arktisen alueen yläilmakehään ja lähiavaruuteen. Toteutuksessa käytetään uusinta digitaalista ja analogista tekniikkaa, jolla ylemmästä ilmakehästä saadaan kolmiulotteinen kuva. Vaiheistetut signaalit yhdistetään elektronisesti, ja näin tutka voi mitata jopa sataan eri suuntaan kunakin ajanhetkenä.

EISCAT_3D:n avulla voidaan tutkia sitä, miten avaruudesta peräisin olevat suurienergiset hiukkaset ja sähkövirrat vaikuttavat ilmakehän eri osissa, sekä avaruussäähäiriöiden vaikutusta teknologisiin järjestelmiin, kuten satelliitteihin, satelliittipaikannukseen ja sähkönjakeluverkkoihin. EISCAT_3D-tutkan avulla voidaan tutkia myös revontulia, jotka esiintyvät ylemmässä ilmakehässä noin sadan kilometrin korkeudella.

Tutkan rakentaa tieteellinen EISCAT-järjestö, jonka jäseniä ovat Norja, Ruotsi, Suomi, Iso-Britannia, Japani ja Kiina. EISCAT_3D:tä on suunniteltu useissa EU-rahoitteisissa projekteissa viimeisten kymmenen vuoden aikana. Suomen Akatemia rahoittaa investoinnista 12,8 miljoonaa euroa. Oulun yliopiston osuus on 756 000 euroa.

Suomessa EISCAT_3D-hanketta koordinoi Oulun yliopisto ja sen yhteydessä toimiva Sodankylän geofysiikan observatorio. Observatorion johtaja Esa Turunen toteaa, että nyt tehty rakentamispäätös on merkittävä kansainvälinen investointi Suomeen, Ruotsiin ja Norjaan seuraaviksi 30 vuodeksi. Investoinnin taloudelliset heijastusvaikutukset ovat moninkertaiset.

Oulun yliopiston avaruusfysiikan professori Anita Aikio kertoo, että hanke on tärkeä suomalaiselle korkeatasoiselle avaruustutkimukselle: ”Ensimmäistä kertaa voimme kolmiulotteisesti mitata avaruudesta tulevien hiukkasten ja sähkövirtojen vaikutusta ylä- ja keski-ilmakehään samanaikaisesti ja näin tutkia yhteyksiä avaruusfysiikan ja ilmakehäfysiikan välillä.”

Lisätietoja:
  • Johtaja, FT Esa Turunen, Sodankylän geofysiikan observatorio, Oulun yliopisto, puh. 050 5663 264, sähköposti: esa.turunen (at) oulu.fi
  • Professori Anita Aikio, Oulun yliopisto, puh. 050 3500 641, sähköposti: anita.aikio (at) oulu.fi
  • Johtava tiedeasiantuntija Kati Sulonen, Suomen Akatemia, puh. 029 533 5110, sähköposti: kati.sulonen (at) aka.fi

EISCAT_3D, the new Arctic radar gets go-ahead for construction

Artist impression of the EISCAT_3D transmitter-receiver: there are 109 hexagonal antenna groups,
each of which consists of 91 antennae. The diameter of the whole installation is about 70 metre. 
A new international research radar called EISCAT_3D was given the green light to proceed this month, promising a step-change in understanding the effect of solar storms and space weather on the upper atmosphere in the Arctic.

The EISCAT_3D facility will be distributed across three sites in Northern Scandinavia - in Skibotn, Norway, near Kiruna in Sweden, and near Kaaresuvanto in Finland. Each site will consist of about 10.000 antennas fed by a powerful 5 MW transmitter at Skibotn and a receiver at each of the three sites. The total budget is 70 M€ and the project will start in September 2017. Site preparations begin in summer 2018 and the radar is expected to be operational in 2021.

The EISCAT_3D radar consists of three sites: the transmitter-receiver
in Norway and two receiver sites in Finland and Sweden.
EISCAT_3D will be the world’s leading facility of its kind, offering together with the older EISCAT Svalbard radar a critically important window to the upper atmosphere and the near-Earth space in the European Arctic. As the name suggests, a key capability is to measure a 3-D volume of the upper atmosphere by using the most modern digital and analogue technologies. Signals from the antennas will be combined electronically, and hence the radar can look even in 100 different directions at any given instant.

EISCAT_3D makes it possible to study how energetic particles and electrical currents from space affect the upper and the lower atmosphere as well as man-made technologies such as satellites and power grids on the ground. Also, the aurora borealis can be studied in three dimensions.

The system will be built by the EISCAT Scientific Association, comprising research councils and national institutes from Finland, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Japan and China. EISCAT_3D is the culmination of a 10-year design and preparation phase, supported by the European Union. The Academy of Finland finances the investment with 12.8M€, which includes funding from the University of Oulu of 756,000€.

In Finland, the EISCAT_3D project is co-ordinated by University of Oulu and its independent department Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory. Observatory director Esa Turunen states that the decision means a significant investment in Finland, Sweden and Norway for the next 30 years. The economic implications will be multifold.

Professor in Space Physics Anita Aikio tells that the EISCAT_3D project is very important for Finnish space research: “For the first time, we can measure in three dimensions the effect of energetic particles and electrical currents from space on the upper and middle atmosphere simultaneously. This makes it possible to find connections between space physics and atmospheric physics.”

For further information please contact:
  • Director Esa Turunen, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, tel. +358 50 5663 264, e-mail: esa.turunen (at) oulu.fi
  • Professori Anita Aikio, University of Oulu, puh. + 358 50 3500 641, e-mail: anita.aikio (at) oulu.fi
  • Senior Science Advisor Kati Sulonen, Academy of Finland, tel. +358 29 533 5110, e-mail: kati.sulonen (at) aka.fi

Monday, 3 October 2016

Tenure Track Position in Radio Science



Tenure Track Position in Radio Science at Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory

The University of Oulu is an international research and innovation university engaged in multidisciplinary basic research and academic education. The University of Oulu is one of the largest universities in Finland with 14,000 students and 3,000 employees. The University encompasses ten fields of study: Architecture, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Humanities, Education, Economics and Business, Science, Medicine and Dentistry, Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Technology and Mining. The University of Oulu researchers contribute to solving global challenges by combining multidisciplinary approaches, high level research and fruitful collaborations in the following five focus areas: 1. Creating sustainability through materials and systems, 2. Molecular and environmental basis for lifelong health, 3. Digital solutions in sensing and interactions, 4. Earth and near-space system and environmental change, 5. Understanding humans in change. Collaboration across scientific fields is strongly encouraged ad supported within the University. More information http://www.oulu.fi/english/.

The following job is open at the University of Oulu:

Tenure Track Position in Radio Science at Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory

Field and Location: 
For strengthening its profile at international level the University of Oulu announces a tenure-track opening for researchers in Radio Science.

Tenure track positions can be allocated to the career levels of the assistant professor, associate professor, full professor and distinguished professor. The positions are designed to promoting the careers of outstanding researchers and giving them the opportunity to gain further scientific qualifications in view of an academic career. The researchers appointed to a tenure track position may advance in their career through the tenure track process and be appointed to a permanent position as a professor or a distinguished professor. When recruiting for the positions, outstanding or world-class scientific quality is set as a requirement, and this must be verified via evaluations from high-level international researchers.

The position is placed at Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO, http://www.sgo.fi), a separate institute of the university located at Tähtelä, near the village of Sodankylä 350 km north of the main campus of the university. SGO carries out, as a national task of the university, geophysical measurements, development of measurement methods and empirical as well as theoretical research of both solid Earth geophysics and geospace environment. The long-term continuous observations cover measurements of Earth’s geomagnetic field, ionosphere, northern lights, cosmic radiation and seismic activity. An important activity is the development of measurement techniques and methods as well as theoretical modelling in the research fields. The research activities are based on international collaborations with more than 200 institutes worldwide. Scientists of SGO participate in 2 Centres of Excellence (CoE) financed by Academy of Finland, CoE in Mathematical Inverse Problems and CoE in Space Climate. SGO participates in EU projects and 2 European large scale research infrastructure (ESFRI) projects, EPOS and EISCAT_3D, coordinating the Finnish participation in the latter one. SGO carries out development of radio scientific instrumentation in its Radio Science laboratory, where currently several SGO’s measurement networks, such as the SGO riometer and satellite tomography are being renewed to latest software-radio based technology. The Observatory’s duties do not include regular teaching, but leading scientists are expected to supervise PhD students in the university’s research teams. The Observatory employs currently 30 persons.

The tenure-track position in Radio Science is directed towards development of Phased-Array Radio techniques, measurement methods and related science applications in preparation to the use of the forthcoming next-generation incoherent scatter radar facility, EISCAT_3D. Currently available main instrumentation consists of the EISCAT incoherent scatter radars in Northern Fenno-Scandinavia and Svalbard (http://www.eiscat.se), and most importantly Finland’s largest radio telescope, the Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array KAIRA. KAIRA is operated by SGO and located in northernmost Finland at Kilpisjärvi near the border of Norway at Kilpisjärvi. Active collaboration using other similar instrumentation, such as the LOFAR system, especially in applications related to space weather, is expected.

The position will start as tenure track from 1st March 2017, or later according to mutual agreement with the successful applicant. The researchers appointed to a tenure track position may advance in their career through the tenure track process and be appointed to a permanent position as a professor or a distinguished professor. After the start of the position we anticipate new financing to be in place both to continue and strengthen the research activity, when EISCAT_3D will be available for measurements.

The tenure track position is open to highly talented individuals who hold a doctoral degree and have excellent potential for a successful scientific career. Based on the experience and competence, the successful applicant of this call will be placed at the level of Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Full Professor or Distinguished Professor of the four-level tenure track system.

This position will be supported by a 2-year postdoc position directed to the same topic, to be opened in 2018 in SGO. Moreover, as part of our profiling measures, we will open another call in 2017 for a tenure position at the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the main campus in Oulu, for strengthening research on the geospace environment linked to the now open EISCAT_3D-related positions.

Job Responsibilities and Required Qualifications: A person at any level of the academic tenure track system is expected to conduct outstanding world-class scientific research, to be competitive in attracting external funding, to publish in leading journals and conferences, to supervise SGO’s PhD students, to be an active member of the international scientific community, and to exhibit academic leadership. The job responsibilities also include the coordination of SGO’s KAIRA facility operations.

Required qualifications and career advancement at each level of the tenure track:
Career advancement on the tenure track is based on performance assessments that measure the candidate’s merits.

Assistant Professor: The position of an assistant professor is for persons who have recently (less than ten years ago) finished their doctoral dissertation and are advancing towards a professional research career. The duration of the period is four years. The advancement assistant professor – associate professor – professor – distinguished professor is described in the University of Oulu Tenure Track guidelines: http://www.oulu.fi/university/node/38379.

The selection criteria for an assistant professor are the following:
  • research potential and merit applicable to the position to date (publications, especially internationally refereed publications; participating in acquiring external funding/funding granted; connections with the international community in the field)
  • in most fields, having experience of working abroad is common during the professional research career
  • demonstrable development of skills is the prerequisite for a continuation period.
Associate Professor: The position of an associate professor is initially a fixed-term position for five years, but a continuation period may be granted or the position may be made permanent. Being granted continuation for the position requires meeting the below-mentioned criteria as well as successful research work as indicated in the University of Oulu Tenure Track guidelines.
When appointing a person to the position of an associate professor the applicants are evaluated based on the following criteria:
  • publications on an international level: dissemination, quality of the publication forums, references to the publications
  • active role in the research training
  • acquisition of external funding
  • working in more than one research facility during one’s career (in most fields represented at the University of Oulu this signifies working abroad)
  • an active role in the international scientific community
  • acknowledgements and awards.
Full Professor: The position of a Full Professor requires a doctoral degree, high-level scientific or artistic competence, experience in leading scientific research, ability to provide high-level research-based teaching and to supervise final theses, and merit in international co-operation projects in his/her field of expertise. The position of a professor also requires the ability to act as an academic leader. When evaluating the merits of an applicant, his/her scientific publications and other research results with scientific or artistic value, teaching experience and pedagogic training, ability to produce teaching material, other merits as a teacher, teaching demonstrations and supervised doctoral theses shall be taken into consideration. Other factors to be taken into consideration are the active role of the applicant in the scientific community, practical experience in the field where applicable, success in acquiring supplementary research funding, scientific work abroad, international positions, and leadership and interaction skills.

Distinguished Professor: The position of a Distinguished Professor is for especially distinguished applicants who exceed the criteria for Full Professor.

Salary: The salary of the appointed researcher will be based on the demand level chart for the teaching and research staff of Finnish Universities. In addition to the basic salary of the appropriate tenure track level, supplementary salary will be given for personal achievement and performance, the sum rising to a maximum of 46.3 % of the basic salary level for the post. The salary thus being roughly 3,500 – 4,700 €/month for an assistant professor, 4,100 - 5,400 €/month for an associate professor and 5600 - 8300 euros per month for a full professor.

Other benefits: Finland is one of the most liveable countries, with a high quality of life, safety, excellent education system, and competitive economy. The successful candidate will receive full benefits provided by the University of Oulu to university employees, including free time corresponding to holidays and free occupational health care services. The successful candidate will receive also benefits provided by the Finnish government to residents, for example possibility to obtain access to the national healthcare system, tax benefits for employees with children and high-quality affordable childcare services.

Applications: Applications, together with all relevant enclosures, should be submitted electronically by 11.11.2016. Please apply for the job using the link at the bottom of the official announcement.

The application should be written in English and the following information needs to be included:
  1. an application letter with contact information
  2. a curriculum vitae following the guidelines of the Finnish Advisory Board on Research Integrity (tutkimuseettinen neuvottelukunta). The guidelines are available at http://www.tenk.fi/en/template-researchers-curriculum-vitae and a template at http://www.tenk.fi/sites/tenk.fi/files/CV_english_270613.pdf.
  3. list of publications, ten most important ones marked
  4. a brief account of research merits (max 1 page)
  5. a brief account of teaching merits or a teaching portfolio (max 2 pages)
  6. acquisition of research funds
  7. a brief research and action plan (max 3 pages)
  8. contact details of 2–4 persons available for recommendation.

Evaluators: The selection procedure will be carried out by an Appointment Committee according to the University of Oulu Tenure Track guidelines.

Contact details: In order to receive the information and announcements concerning the official selection procedures to be followed in order to fill this post, applicants must inform SGO of their contact details for the whole duration of the selection process: they must specifically provide both their home and work telephone numbers, e-mail addresses, fax numbers and postal addresses.
For further information and enquiries about this post, and about the application and selection procedures, please contact:
Director Esa Turunen, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Tähteläntie 62, FI-99600 Sodankylä, phone: +358505663264, e-mail: esa.turunen -at- sgo.fi
Please apply for the job using the link at the bottom of the official announcement.


Friday, 31 July 2015

EISCAT_3D Science Case published!

Artist impression of transmitter site.
©National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), Japan.
During the EISCAT_3D Preparatory Phase project, which was funded by the 7th Framework Programme of the European Commission and which ended in September 2014, the science case for EISCAT_3D was developed by the project's work package 3. The final version of this document was published in September 2014 and is available on the EISCAT_3D web site.

After the project ended, this document was made a scientific paper, which has been published this week in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. Please find the full reference and a link to the paper below:

The science case for the EISCAT_3D radar, by Ian McCrea, Anita Aikio, Lucilla Alfonsi, Evgenia Belova, Stephan Buchert, Mark Clilverd, Norbert Engler, Björn Gustavsson, Craig Heinselman, Johan Kero, Mike Kosch, Hervé Lamy, Thomas Leyser, Yasunobu Ogawa, Kjellmar Oksavik, Asta Pellinen-Wannberg, Frederic Pitout, Markus Rapp, Iwona Stanislawska and Juha Vierinen, Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 2:21, doi:10.1186/s40645-015-0051-8 (29 July 2015; link to paper).

Image: Artist impression of a possible EISCAT_3D central site, courtesy of National Polar Research Institute (NIPR), Japan.

Tuesday, 23 June 2015

EISCAT_3D -Tutkahanke Etenee

Suomen Akatemian tutkimusinfrastruktuurikomitea on myöntänyt ehdollisen 12,8 miljoonan euron rahoituksen kansainvälisen tieteellisen EISCAT_3D -tutkajärjestelmän rakentamiselle Norjaan (Skibotn), Ruotsiin (Bergfors) ja Suomeen (Karesuvanto). Suomessa hanketta koordinoi Oulun yliopisto.  Akatemian rahoituspäätöksestä 1,8 miljoonaa euroa on suunnattu Suomeen rakennettavan tutka-aseman perusinfrastruktuuriin.

EISCAT_3D -suurtehotutka tulee mittaamaan Maan lähiavaruutta ja sen kytkeytymistä ilmakehään arktisella alueella seuraavien 30 vuoden ajan.

Kansainvälisen hankkeen kokonaiskustannukset ovat noin 74,4 miljoonaa euroa. Akatemian rahoituspäätös on ehdollinen ja edellyttää, että hanke toteutuu kansainvälisen suunnitelman mukaisesti. Kansainvälisestä tarvittavasta rahoituksesta on saatu Ruotsin, Suomen ja Norjan rahoitusvaraukset sekä Euroopan komission projektirahoitus. Tarvittavasta rahoituksesta on nyt koossa 75 prosenttia.

Oulun yliopiston Sodankylän geofysiikan observatorion johtaja, dosentti Esa Turunen arvioi uuden tutkajärjestelmän olevan toteutuessaan merkittävä edistysaskel suomalaiselle lähiavaruutta ja ilmastoa koskevalle tieteelliselle tutkimukselle.

Havainnekuva rakennettavasta EISCAT_3D -asemasta (National Institute of Polar Research, Tokio)
"EISCAT_3D on sekä tehokkaampi että herkempi ja mittaa alempana kuin nykyiset tutkat. Se kykenee mittaamaan ylimääräistä ionisaatiota ja ilmakehän tuulia 50-80 kilometrin korkeusalueella jatkuvasti. EISCAT_3D:n avulla voimme ymmärtää paremmin avaruussään vaihtelun vaikutuksia yläilmakehään arktisella alueella ja avaruussään mahdollista kytkeytymistä ilmastoon", Turunen sanoo.

EISCAT_3D -tutkaa tullaan käyttämään ilmakehän ja lähiavaruuden tutkimukseen revontulialueella. Tutkalla saadaan ainutlaatuista tietoa yläilmakehästä korkeilla leveysasteilla ja napa-alueilla, missä sekä Auringon aktiivisuuden että alemman ilmakehän vaikutukset ovat suuria. Kolmen maan alueelle hajautettu, vaiheistettuihin ryhmäantennikenttiin ja ohjelmistoradioteknologiaan perustuva laitteisto toimii 3-ulotteisesti kuvantavana tutkana. Se mahdollistaa yläilmakehän jatkuvan seurannan arktisella alueella. Tutkimuksen keskeisiä aiheita ovat ilmakehäfysiikka mukaan lukien globaalimuutos, avaruus- ja plasmafysiikka sekä meteoroiditutkimus. Lisäksi tutkaa voidaan käyttää avaruusromun kartoitukseen sekä uusien teknologioiden kehittämisen.

EISCAT_3D -hanketta koordinoi tieteellinen EISCAT-järjestö, jonka jäsenmaita ovat Norja, Ruotsi, Suomi, Iso-Britannia, Japani ja Kiina. Liitännäisjäseniä ovat Venäjä, Ranska ja Ukraina.

EISCAT_3D -hankkeessa ovat Suomesta mukana Oulun yliopiston lisäksi Ilmatieteen laitos, Tieteen tietotekniikan keskus CSC, Helsingin yliopisto, Aalto yliopisto, Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto, Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto ja Maanmittauslaitos. Tutkimusyhteistyökumppaneita löytyy paitsi Euroopasta, myös Aasiasta, erityisesti Japanista, sekä USA:sta.

Teksti: Viestintäpalvelut/SGO; kuva: NIPR, Tokio.

Linkit:

  • Oulun yliopiston tiedote, "EISCAT_3D -Tutkahanke Etenee"
  • Kaleva, "Tut­ka­hank­keel­le myönnettiin miljoonia – 'Merkittävä askel suomalaiselle ava­ruus­tut­ki­muk­sel­le'"





Thursday, 9 October 2014

EISCAT_3D final report of work package 11

As a second important output of the EISCAT_3D preparatory phase project: 

Deliverable D11.2 of Work Package 11: Software Theory and Implementation of the European Commission 7th Framework Programme project EISCAT_3D: A European three-dimensional imaging radar for atmospheric and geospace research (Preparatory Phase) Project number: 261967


The full report available here!

The report has been written by Mikko Orispää, Ilkka Virtanen and Markku Lehtinen.

... and two photos from the report:




Wednesday, 8 October 2014

EISCAT_3D Measurement Methods Handbook

Professor Markku Lehtinen
A significant output of the EISCAT_3D preparatory phase project, the "EISCAT_3D Measurement Methods Handbook" by Professor Markku Lehtinen is now online here.

Here is an extract of the Introduction Chapter:


Introduction

The purpose of this handbook is to define the guidelines for the EISCAT_3D radar development project. Incoherent scatter radar experiment design and data analysis is in the process of being transformed from a collection of engineering recipes to an exact mathematical problem in experiment comparison and statistical inversion theories. Also, the development of the solid-state UHF power transmitter technology has lead to a replacement of high-power transmitters and large disc antennas by arrays of several thousands or tens of thousands of simple, relatively low-power transmitters and receivers with phase control for beamforming in both directions.

Our goal is to show how the new mathematical principles of radar experiment design and data analysis can be used to design a modern radar representing the true state-of-the-art in both theoretical developments in radar experiment design and modern electronics. We also include the phased-array principle as a new chapter in rigorous radar experiment design, so that the large antenna arrays can be optimised to provide the best possible performance with the least possible cost. 


The main principle here is to introduce rigorous mathematical principles to replace numerical simulation comparisons wherever possible. This is very useful, because the number of combinations of different alternatives is so large that finding the best ways to operate is practically impossible through simulation comparisons (the search space of all alternatives is simply much too large). This is of course not possible in every respect, but we have succeeded in many sub-problems so that we are very close to the situation of being able to choose the best possible experiments and radar hardware configuration through systematic reasoning – with radically reduced assistance of computer searches optimising different alternatives.

In the traditional radars, the (multi)megawatt transmitter systems with discs of several tens of metres of diameter, the cost of signal processing is typically a rather trivial small fraction of the total cost of the system. In phased-array systems with tens of thousands of sampled data streams and beamforming by digital computation instead of the analog summation inherent in the very basic principle of operation of the parabolic disc antennas, the cost of signal processing becomes significant. The most obvious cost is that of the hardware of tens of thousands of sampling systems and the related first phases of signal processing, including IQ detection and beamforming. The cost of just cabling connecting the huge number of antennas to a central processing point is significant in recent similar systems (Such as recent developments in astronomy like LOFAR or other precursors to SKA).

Monday, 6 October 2014

EISCAT Demonstrator Array

Kiruna Demonstrator Array. Photo: Craig Heinselman.
During the FP6 EISCAT_3D Design Study, which was completed in 2009, a small radar receiver array was built at the Kiruna EISCAT site to test reception of radar signals from the Tromsø VHF transmitter using a phased-array receiver. The receiver was used later on for science applications, namely for measurements of so-called Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE). The photo above was taken by EISCAT Director Craig Heinselman using his quad-copter drone, which he demonstrated to his colleagues a day later.

One of three instrument cabinets of the Demonstrator Array: this is clearly an experimental setup for prototyping work. The final EISCAT_3D receiver will look much different, probably incorporating many parts into single custom-made components. Photo: Thomas Ulich.
During the FP7 EISCAT_3D Preparatory Phase, the array was modified by SGO scientists in collaboration with Technical University of Luleå and National Instruments to demonstrate reception of VHF signals using a different approach. This time the array was converted to using software-defined radio (SDR) receivers. The results of these tests are documented in the reports of the projects work packages 7 and 11 (see Deliverables and Milestones).

One of the aerials of the Demonstrator Array with the EISCAT 32-m receiver in the background. Photo: Thomas Ulich.
The aerials are derived from TV antennae, since the VHF radar operates at very similar frequencies around 224 MHz. Also EISCAT_3D is expected to operate in this part of the radio spectrum, around 233 MHz, although negotiations about frequency allocations in the Nordic countries are on-going.

With the Demonstrator Array in the background, the photo shows a small transmitter antenna, which sends a calibration signal to the array. Photo: Thomas Ulich.
Calibration of arrays is essential. The direction in which a phased array looks depends on the time delay of the signals coming in from all of its aerials. Therefore one needs to know the absolute delays introduced by the components of the array, including their manufacturing inaccuracies, before applying delays related to the viewing direction.

Tuesday, 16 September 2014

EISCAT_3D End of Project Summary Meeting

The EISCAT_3D Preparatory Phase Project is coming to an end and the End of Project Summary Meeting was held on 10.-12.9.2014 at IRF (Swedish Institute of Space Physics)  in Kiruna. Here are some photos from the event.


IRF Kiruna

Craig Heinselman, the director of EISCAT



Professor Markku Lehtinen from SGO


Derek McKay-Bukowski from SGO

Monday, 15 September 2014

KAIRA Tech Paper

We report that KAIRA tech paper is now online as an early access version at IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing website. The publication details are:


KAIRA: The Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array—System Overview and First Results

McKay-Bukowski, D.;  Vierinen, J. ; Virtanen, I.I. ; Fallows, R. ; Postila, M. ; Ulich, T. ; Wucknitz, O. ; Brentjens, M. ;Ebbendorf, N. ; Enell, C-F. ; Gerbers, M. ; Grit, T. ; Gruppen, P. ; Kero, A. ; Iinatti, T. ; Lehtinen, M. ;Meulman, H. ; Norden, M. ; Orispaa, M. ; Raita, T. ; de Reijer, J.P. ; Roininen, L. ; Schoenmakers, A. ;Stuurwold, K. ; Turunen, E.

The Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA) is a dual array of omnidirectional VHF radio antennas located near Kilpisjärvi, Finland. It is operated by the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory. It makes extensive use of the proven LOFAR antenna and digital signal-processing hardware, and can act as a stand-alone passive receiver, as a receiver for the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) very high frequency (VHF) incoherent scatter radar in Tromsø, or for use in conjunction with other Fenno-Scandinavian VHF experiments. In addition to being a powerful observing instrument in its own right, KAIRA will act as a pathfinder for technologies to be used in the planned EISCAT_3-D phased-array incoherent scatter radar system and participate in very long baseline interferometry experiments. This paper gives an overview of KAIRA, its principal hardware and software components, and its main science objectives. We demonstrate the applicability of the radio astronomy technology to our geoscience application. Furthermore, we present a selection of results from the commissioning phase of this new radio observatory.

Published in:

Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on  (Volume:PP ,  Issue: 99 )